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Human Generated Data

Title

The Invention of Book Printing

Date

c. 1591

People

Artist: Theodoor Galle, Flemish 1571 - 1633

Artist after: Jan van der Straet, Netherlandish 1523 - 1605

Classification

Prints

Credit Line

Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Acquisition Fund for Prints, 2014.4

Human Generated Data

Title

The Invention of Book Printing

People

Artist: Theodoor Galle, Flemish 1571 - 1633

Artist after: Jan van der Straet, Netherlandish 1523 - 1605

Date

c. 1591

Classification

Prints

Credit Line

Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Acquisition Fund for Prints, 2014.4

Machine Generated Data

Tags

Amazon
created on 2019-04-08

Person 99.2
Human 99.2
Person 98.8
Person 98.1
Person 97.1
Person 94.3
Person 91.5
Person 91
Person 89.9
Person 89.8
Painting 88.1
Art 88.1
Text 79.4
Steamer 57.7
Person 49.4

Clarifai
created on 2018-02-09

people 100
group 100
print 99.6
many 99.5
adult 99.4
child 98.1
administration 98.1
man 97.6
illustration 97.5
several 96.7
furniture 96.1
engraving 96.1
leader 95.7
two 94.5
one 94.4
woman 94.1
wear 93.6
art 93.5
veil 92.6
group together 92.1
Clothing 90.2
Clothing 80.9
Clothing 80.4
Clothing 71.4
Clothing 60.8
Clothing 58.5
Human face 56.7
Footwear 56.2
Clothing 55
Clothing 53.4
Human face 52.6
Human face 51.3
Human face 51
Footwear 50.5
Person 49.4
Human face 47.4
Clothing 45.7
Footwear 45.6
Footwear 44.8
Human face 44.2
Footwear 44
Person 43.2
Clothing 42.2
Person 42.1
Person 41.4
Human face 38.5
Footwear 37
Human face 36.2
Human face 36.2
Human face 34.9
Human face 34.6

Imagga
created on 2018-02-09

sketch 55.4
drawing 49.4
representation 31.1
currency 24.2
vintage 24
art 23.3
money 22.1
dollar 21.4
stamp 21.3
finance 21.1
old 19.5
business 19.4
architecture 16.7
letter 16.5
cash 16.5
paper 16.5
ancient 16.4
us 16.4
mail 16.3
postmark 15.8
postage 15.7
retro 15.6
building 15.5
postal 14.7
bank 13.7
grunge 13.6
economy 13
design 12.9
banking 12.9
sign 12.8
black 12.6
history 12.5
city 12.5
bill 12.4
culture 12
envelope 11.9
antique 11.9
wealth 11.7
office 11.3
rich 11.2
newspaper 11.1
printed 10.8
symbol 10.8
silhouette 10.8
financial 10.7
dollars 10.6
post 10.5
house 10.4
pattern 10.3
religion 9.9
loan 9.6
church 9.3
structure 9.2
paint 9.1
one 9
tower 9
product 8.9
stamps 8.9
renaissance 8.8
urban 8.7
hundred 8.7
finances 8.7
scene 8.7
creation 8.6
rug 8.6
exchange 8.6
painted 8.6
skyline 8.5
historical 8.5
savings 8.4
historic 8.3
global 8.2
philately 7.9
circa 7.9
frame 7.6
capital 7.6
unique 7.6
cityscape 7.6
traditional 7.5
covering 7.3
investment 7.3

Google
created on 2018-02-09

Microsoft
created on 2018-02-09

text 100
book 99.8
old 62
posing 60.6

Color Analysis

Face analysis

Amazon

Microsoft

Imagga

AWS Rekognition

Age 20-38
Gender Male, 87.7%
Sad 71.5%
Disgusted 0.9%
Surprised 2.9%
Calm 3%
Angry 2.7%
Happy 0.4%
Confused 18.5%

Feature analysis

Amazon

Person
Painting
Person 99.2%

Categories

Captions

Clarifai
created by general-english-image-caption-blip-2 on 2025-06-30

an engraving of people working in a factory -100%
a photograph of a drawing of a man in a library -100%

OpenAI GPT

Created by gpt-4o-2024-05-13 on 2024-12-29

This image portrays a historical print shop or book printing workshop. Several individuals are engaged in various tasks related to the printing process. On the left, some workers appear to be arranging type or printing blocks. In the center, a person is operating a printing press, while another examines printed sheets. Various tools and equipment typical of a printing workshop, such as typesets, presses, and paper, are visible. The image is rich in detail and seems to date back to the time of early printing, reflecting the labor-intensive process of book production in historical times. The scene is set in a large room with archways and is framed by Latin text at the bottom.

Created by gpt-4 on 2024-11-28

This image depicts a scene from an early European printing workshop during the Renaissance period. Several figures are engaged in various steps of the printing process within an interior setting, characterized by brick walls and arched windows. On the left, individuals can be seen operating a wooden printing press, pulling a lever to press forms onto paper. Nearby, another figure is inspecting a freshly printed sheet. Towards the center and right of the image, others are involved in the compositional aspects of printing, including setting type and arranging pages. In the foreground, a person is carrying a pile of books, while another is seated at a desk, possibly proofreading or editing. Text and decorative elements can be seen on the printed sheets and books, signifying the laborious process of producing literature before the advances of modern printing technology. The overall attire and the tools in use suggest a period-specific attention to detail and depict the collaborative nature of printmaking from that era.

Anthropic Claude

Created by claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022 on 2024-12-26

This is a historical engraving depicting a Renaissance-era printing workshop, titled "IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM" (Book Printing). The image shows various stages of the book printing process in a workshop with arched architecture. Several workers are engaged in different tasks:

  • Some are working at printing presses
  • Others are examining and handling printed sheets
  • There are workers arranging type blocks
  • Some are operating the mechanical presses

The workshop appears well-organized with different stations for various aspects of the printing process. The space has high arched ceilings and columns, with books and printed materials visible throughout. Tools of the printing trade, including presses, paper, and various implements, are depicted in detail.

At the bottom of the image is a Latin inscription that reads "Potest vt vna vox capi aure plurima: Linunt ita vna scripta mille paginas" which roughly translates to "As one voice can be heard by many ears, so one impression can print a thousand pages."

The engraving provides a valuable historical record of early printing techniques and workshop organization during the Renaissance period. It appears to be from the 16th or 17th century, given its style and subject matter.

Created by claude-3-haiku-20240307 on 2024-11-27

This engraved image depicts a busy interior scene of a printing workshop or scriptorium from an earlier era. The image is filled with numerous figures engaged in various tasks related to the production of books or manuscripts. There are scribes, craftsmen, and other workers shown throughout the arched architectural space, some reading, writing, or operating presses and other equipment. The overall scene conveys a sense of activity and industry in the production of written works during that historical period.

Created by us.anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0 on 2025-06-26

This is a historical engraving depicting a Renaissance-era printing workshop, titled "IMPRESSIO LIBRORUM" (Book Printing). The detailed black and white illustration shows multiple workers engaged in various stages of the book printing process within an arched interior space. The workshop appears busy with activity, showing people operating printing presses, handling papers, and working with various printing equipment. The architectural setting features a series of arched columns and beams, creating a sense of depth and space. At the bottom of the image is a Latin inscription. The engraving demonstrates the sophisticated printing technology of the time and provides a valuable historical record of early printing methods. The style and detail of the work suggests it's from the 16th or 17th century, and the composition effectively captures the bustling atmosphere of an early modern printing establishment.

Meta Llama

Created by us.meta.llama3-2-90b-instruct-v1:0 on 2024-12-24

This image is a black-and-white illustration of a 16th-century printing press, showcasing the labor-intensive process of book production during that era. The scene depicts a bustling workshop with multiple workers engaged in various tasks.

In the foreground, a man is shown operating a hand press, while another worker is seen inking the type. A third individual is depicted holding a sheet of paper, likely preparing it for printing. The background of the image features additional workers involved in different stages of the printing process, including typesetting and binding.

The illustration provides a detailed glimpse into the craftsmanship and manual labor required to produce books during the 16th century. It highlights the importance of the printing press in disseminating knowledge and literature during this period. Overall, the image offers a fascinating insight into the history of printing and the evolution of book production techniques.

Created by us.meta.llama3-2-11b-instruct-v1:0 on 2024-11-25

The image depicts a scene from the 16th century, showcasing the early stages of printing technology. At the center of the image is a large wooden press, with a man operating it. He is dressed in traditional clothing and has a look of concentration on his face as he works the press. The press itself is made of sturdy wood and features a series of rollers and levers that allow the operator to apply pressure to the paper and ink.

To the left of the press, several men are gathered around a table, engaged in various tasks. One man is holding a sheet of paper, while another is carefully placing an inked plate onto the paper. A third man is watching intently, making sure everything is aligned properly.

In the background, there are several other men working at various stations. Some are sitting at desks, writing or reading, while others are standing near the press, waiting for their turn to operate it. The atmosphere is one of industriousness and focus, as everyone is working together to produce a large quantity of printed materials.

The overall mood of the image is one of productivity and efficiency. The men are all focused on their tasks, and the press is moving quickly, producing page after page of printed text. The image conveys a sense of pride and accomplishment, as if the men are proud of the work they are doing and the quality of the printed materials they are producing.

The image also highlights the importance of teamwork and collaboration in the printing process. The men are all working together, each contributing their skills and expertise to produce a high-quality product. This teamwork and collaboration are essential to the success of the printing process, and the image effectively conveys this sense of unity and cooperation.

In terms of visual elements, the image features a range of textures and colors. The wood of the press and the paper are both visible, and the ink is dark and rich. The clothing of the men is also visible, with their tunics and hats adding a touch of warmth and humanity to the scene. The background is relatively plain, with a few architectural details visible, but the focus is clearly on the men and the press.

Overall, the image provides a fascinating glimpse into the early days of printing technology. It showcases the hard work and dedication of the men involved in the process, and highlights the importance of teamwork and collaboration in producing high-quality printed materials.

Amazon Nova

Created by amazon.nova-lite-v1:0 on 2025-02-24

The image is a black-and-white illustration of a 16th-century printing press. It depicts a busy printing workshop with several workers engaged in various tasks. The scene is set in a large room with arched ceilings and brick walls. A man in the foreground is holding a book and appears to be reading from it. Another man is seated at a desk, writing on a piece of paper. A third man is standing next to a printing press, operating it. The image also includes a man in a hat, possibly a supervisor or manager, overseeing the work. The illustration is detailed and captures the essence of a 16th-century printing press in action.

Created by amazon.nova-pro-v1:0 on 2025-02-24

The image is a black-and-white drawing of a library. There are several people in the library, and they are busy doing different things. The library has a lot of books on the shelves. A man is standing near the shelves and holding a book in his hands. A few people are sitting on the chairs and reading books. A man is standing near the door and holding a key in his hand.

Google Gemini

Created by gemini-2.0-flash on 2025-04-27

Here is a description of the image:

This is a detailed black and white engraving depicting a 16th-century printing workshop. The scene is bustling with activity, as several figures are engaged in different stages of the printing process. The architectural setting includes arched doorways and pillars, giving a sense of depth and spaciousness.

In the foreground, a man is seated at a desk, meticulously arranging type into a frame. Another man stands nearby, reviewing a printed sheet, while a young boy holds up a large page, seemingly displaying the finished work.

In the center of the image, a large wooden printing press dominates the scene. One man is shown using a lever to apply pressure, while another oversees the process, ensuring the print is accurate.

In the background, more workers are visible. Some are setting type at desks, while others are carrying stacks of paper or books. A ladder leads to an upper level, suggesting the multi-story nature of the workshop.

The overall impression is one of organized chaos, reflecting the industrious nature of early printing and the collaborative effort required to produce books on a large scale. The inscription at the bottom reads "IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM. Poteft vt vna vox capi aure plurima: Linunt ita vna scripta mille paginas." Translated, this means: "Printing of books. Just as one voice can be heard by many ears, so one writing can cover a thousand pages."

Created by gemini-2.0-flash-lite on 2025-04-27

The image is a detailed engraving depicting a printing press operation in the 16th century. It appears to be a scene inside a print shop or publishing house. Several individuals are actively engaged in various aspects of the printing process.

Here are some key observations:

  • Setting Type: Several men are working at tables with letter trays, meticulously setting individual letters to form words and lines of text. This process is central to the pre-press stage.

  • Press Operation: In the center, a man is operating a large printing press. He appears to be applying pressure to print the text on a page. Another man stands nearby observing.

  • Paper Handling: Pages are hanging up to dry, indicating the printing process is actively underway and the print shop is well in the middle of a print run. A young boy is holding a printed sheet.

  • Editorial/Proofing: Some people in the background appear to be reading and inspecting texts.

  • Environment: The print shop has an archway, interior layout of the building has multiple levels, and the engraving is black and white, providing an illustration of 16th-century printing practices.

  • Text in Latin: The Latin inscription at the bottom is "IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM" (Printing of books). In addition, the text beneath the title seems to describe the operation of the press. The engraving shows the key processes in book production during the Renaissance and a scene of production.

Mistral Pixtral

Created by us.mistral.pixtral-large-2502-v1:0 on 2025-04-27

This image is an engraving depicting a busy printing workshop, likely from the 16th or 17th century. The scene is set in a large room with high ceilings and arched windows, allowing light to filter in. The room is filled with various workers engaged in different stages of the printing process.

In the foreground, several men are working with trays of type, setting the letters for the printing press. One man is seated, carefully arranging the type, while another stands beside him, possibly overseeing the work. Another worker is bent over a table, reading a proof or a manuscript.

In the middle ground, more workers are operating printing presses. One man is pulling a lever to apply pressure to the paper, while another is inking the type. There are stacks of printed sheets and books, indicating a high volume of production.

In the background, additional workers are handling large sheets of paper, possibly drying or preparing them for further processing. The entire scene is bustling with activity, showcasing the labor-intensive nature of early printing.

The Latin inscription at the bottom reads: "IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM. Potest vt vna vox capi aure plurima: Limunt ita vna scripta mille paginas." This translates to "The printing of books. As one voice can be heard by many ears, so one writing can fill a thousand pages." This phrase highlights the impact and efficiency of the printing press in disseminating information widely.

The engraving is signed by the artist, Jan van der Straet (also known as Johannes Stradanus), and the engraver, Philips Galle.

Text analysis

Amazon

mille
Linunt
vt
Poteft
aure
paginas.
capi
eripta
plurima:
vox
LIBRORVM.
IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM.
IMPRESSIO
ita
Poteft vt ma vox capi aure plurima: Linunt ita vna eripta mille paginas.
vna
excud
ma

Google

IMPRESSIO LIBRORVM. Poteft vt vox capi aure p Limunt ita vna fcrtpta mille paginas 7mm
IMPRESSIO
LIBRORVM.
Poteft
vt
vox
capi
aure
p
Limunt
ita
vna
fcrtpta
mille
paginas
7mm