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bayer

herbert bayer

lithographs

herbert

original

which

their

original lithographs by

convolutions

seven convolutions

seven

used

more

any

the

but

prints

printing

tusche

have

by

one

color

are

were

with

black

from

than

tusche and

for

dark

and

The

be

two-color

of

When

made

lithograph

colored

can

printed

drawings

ink

are black. but the prints can be made any color in printing

in

must

stones

crayons,

containing

two

carries

shapes,

masses, shapes, and

by the use of colored inks

stone

Lithographs

stones were used it their making one for the black which

april

axel

When lithographs are S be printed is more than one color, more than

one stone must be used The "Convolutions" are two-color lithographs; two

masses,

black.

"Convolutions"

use

inks

made with lithograph crayons, tesche, or isk containing grease. Crayons

Lithographs are prints taken from stories on which drawings have boon

making

it

Crayons

color,

april 1945

for axel dornes

or

S

lithographs;

isk

taken

oct.26/1948

tesche,

grease.

aspen, oct.26/1948

1945

on

aspen,

boon

my

stories

Bolide

my Bolide gruisse,

is

gruisse,

dornes

for axd dors)
ay, o07.26/343
seven convolutions
original lithegrophs by
herbert bayer
apl s
Lithographs are prints taken from stones on which drawings have been
made with lithograph crayons, tusche, or ink containing grease. Crayons,
tusche and ink are black, but the prints can be made any color in printing
by the use of colored inks.
When lithographs are to be printed in more than one color, more than
one stone must be used. The "Convolutions" are two-color lithographs; two
stones were uscd in their making, one for the black which carries the dark
masses, shapes, and lines, and one for the color which carries the tones and
the high lights.
It is not necessary to use regular lithograph crayons to make drawings on
stones for lithographs. Any substance containing grease will do. The ink
used for printing lithographs can be used also for drawing on the stone. The
inking roller, used to roll up stones for printing, may serve to apply ink to
the entire surface of a stone to obtain an all-over middle tone. Such a tone
brings out the rich texture of the grained surface of lithograph stones.
This technique, using the inking roller to apply a thin coating of ink to
the stone prior to drawing on it, is useful when an artist wishes to draw
darker shapes into a middle bone-to delincate shadows and outlines-or to
scrape out middle tones to obtain high lights.
In the "Seven Convolutioes" series of two-color lithographs, all of the
first stones, which were the key stones, were printed in black. Some were
drawn with lithograph crayons; some were drawn with a brush and tusche
which is similar to crayon in liquid form,.
The second stones were made to print the middle tones and high lights.
In cach subject the middle tone was printed in the appropriate color accord-
ing to the artist's conception of the design.
Herbert Bayer wanted the lithographs to be drawn on stone in a direct
manner so that the quality and texture of the stones would not be destroyed.
He was apathetic to the harsh effect that is so often the result of scraping and
scratching out high lights. Therefore, it was necessary to discover a new
medium for drawing on stone before the color stones could be made.
The solution to our problem was simple although it required practice to
perfect the technique: on the second stones, which were printed in color,
the artist drew the high lights with chalk, and immediately turned them over
to the printer who inked the printing roller lightly with black lithograph
ink and used it to lay a thin film of ink on the entire surface of the stones,
except those parts of the stones which were protected by the chalk and were
to be the high lights. Thus, for each subject two stones were drawn upon and
prepared for printing-one with black ink, the other with colored ink.
In 1797 Alois Senefelder, a German, invented a process of printing which
he called "Lithography," meaning "to draw on stone." Until that time all
printing was done from plates or blocks of wood or metal having either raised
lines or surfaces such as the raised surfaces of type from which books are
printed, or from plates with incised lines such as engravings and etchings
In lithography, stones from which prints are made have neither raised nor
incised lines. Lithography is posible because of the antipathy of grease and
water each for the other. The drawing on stone is made with greasy crayon or
ink and the stone is printed with greasy ink. The stone is kept moist during
printing so that only the drawing, or areas which were greased, receive ink.
Thus, the ink from the inking roller is transferred again to the paper when the
impression is made. Lithographs are printed by a special kind of hand press.
Lausence Baratt
Calenado Springe Fne Ats Cantar

o07.26/343

Crayons,

ink

be

made

any

by

one

stones

carries

dark

color

and

the

not

use

lithograph

for

do.

used

roller,

to

a

of

stones.

technique,

apply

thin

coating

prior

is

useful

into

bone-to

delincate

all

were

brush

The

lights.

ing

design.

on

direct

that

He

was

apathetic

harsh

new

practice

perfect

chalk,

turned

lightly

black

surface

stones,

those

protected

chalk

each

drawn

upon

printing-one

invented

stone."

from

plates

metal

surfaces

such

raised

antipathy

other.

drawing

greasy

with

stone

printing

or

areas

roller

when

press.

Lausence

Cantar

ay,

original

apl

s

have

been

tusche

are

black,

in

When

more

than

used.

"Convolutions"

uscd

high

drawings

Any

lithographs

stone.

serve

entire

grained

using

artist

out

In

series

lithographs,

Some

which

tones

cach

appropriate

manner

so

often

scratching

it

medium

could

made.

our

simple

although

lights

who

except

parts

subject

prepared

other

colored

called

done

prints

nor

posible

water

receive

Baratt

axd

herbert

crayons,

but

can

inks.

color,

must

lithographs;

making,

shapes,

regular

lithographs.

grease

inking

roll

printing,

all-over

middle

Such

tone

darker

shapes

shadows

two-color

key

printed

crayon

form,.

artist's

Herbert

texture

would

destroyed.

result

technique:

lay

two

ink,

Alois

Senefelder,

he

"Lithography,"

meaning

draw

lines

books

incised

Lithography

during

only

ink.

impression

Lithographs

kind

hand

Calenado

Fne

Ats

dors)

seven

convolutions

lithegrophs

bayer

tusche,

containing

their

necessary

crayons

make

will

up

obtain

tone.

rich

This

it,

"Seven

Convolutioes"

first

some

similar

liquid

print

accord-

conception

quality

scraping

before

problem

required

drew

immediately

over

film

Thus,

1797

process

blocks

wood

having

as

type

etchings

lithography,

neither

lines.

because

Springe

taken

grease.

masses,

lines,

It

substance

also

may

an

brings

wishes

outlines-or

scrape

black.

crayons;

second

Bayer

wanted

effect

Therefore,

discover

solution

them

printer

inked

German,

"to

Until

time

either

printed,

engravings

kept

moist

drawing,

greased,

transferred

again

paper

special